【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMonitoringDieselParticulateExhaustintheWorkplace
【原文标准名称】:排放到工作场所中的柴油粒子监测的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6877-2003(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D22.04
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:airpollution;carbonaceousaerosols;carbonanalysis;dieselexhaust;dieselparticulatematter;dieselsoot;elementalcarbon;PM2.5;samplingandanalysis;ultra-fineparticles;Monitoring--petroleumtesting;Organiccarbon(OC);Sa
【摘要】:Thetestmethodsupportsproposed,occupationalexposurestandards(6,7)forDPM.IntheUnitedStatesalone,overamillionworkersareoccupationallyexposed(8).Anexposurestandardforminesisespeciallyimportantbecauseminers''exposuresareoftenquitehigh.NIOSH(8),theInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer(9)(IARC),theWorldHealthOrganization(10)(WHO),theCaliforniaEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(11),theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(12)(EPA),andtheNationalToxicologyProgram(13)havereviewedtheanimalandhumanevidence.Allhaveclassifieddieselexhaustasaprobablehumancarcinogenorsimilardesignation.ThetestmethodprovidesameasureofoccupationalexposuretoDPM.Previousstudieshaveproducedequivocalresultsbecauseexposuredataarelacking.Giventheeconomicandpublichealthimpactofepidemiologicalstudies,accurateriskassessmentiscritical.AnongoingNIOSH/NCIstudyofminersexposedtodieselexhaustshouldprovideamorequantitativeestimateofthelungcancerrisk.Thetestmethodwasusedforexposuremonitoring.Sincepublication(in1996)asNMAM5040,themethodhasbeenroutinelyusedforoccupationalmonitoring(5).ThetestmethodsupportsaproposedEPAairstandardforfineparticulatecarbon.Recentstudiesindicateapositiveassociationbetweenairbornelevelsoffineparticlesandrespiratoryillnessandmortality(14-22).ThetestmethodandothershavebeenusedforEPAairmonitoringnetworksandairpollutionstudies.Becausedifferentmethodsproducedifferentresults,methodstandardizationisessentialforregulatorycompliancedeterminationsandvalidcomparisonsofinterlaboratorydata.Thetestmethodisbeingappliedforemission-controltesting.1.1Thistestmethodcoversdeterminationoforganicandelementalcarbonintheparticulatefractionofdieselengineexhaust,hereafterreferredtoasdieselparticulatematter(DPM).Samplesofworkplaceatmospheresarecollectedonquartz-fiberfilters.Themethodalsoissuitableforothertypesofcarbonaceousaerosols,butitisnotappropriateforsamplingvolatileorsemi-volatilecomponents.Thesecomponentsrequiresorbentsforefficientcollection.Note18212;Samplecollectionandhandlingproceduresforenvironmentalsamplesdifferfromoccupationalsamples.ThisstandardaddressesoccupationalmonitoringofDPMinworkplaceswherediesel-poweredequipmentisused.1.2Themethodisbasedonathermal-opticaltechnique(1,2).Speciationoforganicandelementalcarbonisachievedthroughtemperatureandatmospherecontrol,andanopticalfeaturethatcorrectsforsamplecharring.1.3Aportionofa37-mm,quartz-fiberfiltersampleisanalyzed.Resultsfortheportionareusedtocalculatethetotalmassoforganicandelementalcarbononthefilter.Theportionmustberepresentativeoftheentirefilterdeposit.Ifthedepositisuneven,twoormorerepresentativeportionsshouldbeanalyzedforanaverage.Open-facedcassettesgiveevendepositsbutareoftennotpractical.Closed-facecassettesgiveequivalentresultsifotherdustsareabsent.Othersamplersmayberequired,dependingonthesamplingenvironment(2-5).1.4Thecalculatedlimitofdetection(LOD)dependsonthelevelofcontaminationofthemediablanks(【英文标准名称】:Cosmetics-Microbiology-Enumerationanddetectionofaerobicmesophilicbacteria
【原文标准名称】:化妆品.微生物学.好氧嗜温菌的计数和检测
【标准号】:BSENISO21149-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:2006-04-28
【实施或试行日期】:2006-04-28
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:好气菌;细菌纲;细菌计数方法;化学分析和试验;化学试剂;化妆品;计数方法(微生物学);培养基;培养(生物);定义;保健;卫生学;调查;嗜温菌;微生物分析;微生物学;性能
【英文主题词】:Aerobicbacteria;Bacteria;Bacteriacountmethods;Chemicalanalysisandtesting;Chemicalreagents;Cosmetics;Countmethods(microbiology);Culturemedia;Cultures(biology);Definitions;Healthprotection;Hygiene;Investigations;Mesophiles;Microbiologicalanalysis;Microbiology;Properties
【摘要】:ThisInternationalStandardgivesgeneralguidelinesforenumerationanddetectionofmesophilicaerobicbacteriapresentincosmetics,Becauseofthelargevarietyofcosmeticproductswithinthisfieldofapplication,thismethodmaynotbeappropriateforsomeproductsineverydetail(e.g.certainwaterimmiscibleproducts).Othermethods(e.g.automated)maybesubstitutedforthetestspresentedhereprovidedthattheirequivalencehasbeendemonstratedorthemethodhasbeenotherwisevalidated.Ifneeded,microorganismsenumeratedordetectedmaybeidentifiedusingsuitableidentificationtestsdescribedinthestandardsgivenintheBibliography.Inordertoensureproductqualityandsafetyforconsumers,itisadvisabletoperformanappropriatemicrobiologicalriskanalysis,soastodeterminethetypesofcosmeticproductstowhichthisInternationalStandardisapplicable.Productsconsideredtopresentalowmicrobiologicalriskincludethosewithlowwateractivity,hydro-alcoholicproducts,extremepHvalues,etc.
【中国标准分类号】:Y42
【国际标准分类号】:07_100_99;71_100_70
【页数】:32P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语