DIN EN ISO 4414-2011 气压传动.系统及其部件的一般规则和安全要求(ISO4414-2010);德文版本ENISO4414-2010

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【英文标准名称】:Pneumaticfluidpower-Generalrulesandsafetyrequirementsforsystemsandtheircomponents(ISO4414:2010);GermanversionENISO4414:2010
【原文标准名称】:气压传动.系统及其部件的一般规则和安全要求(ISO4414-2010);德文版本ENISO4414-2010
【标准号】:DINENISO4414-2011
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2011-04
【实施或试行日期】:2011-04-01
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Acceptance(approval);Acceptanceinspection;Accessories;Accidentprevention;Agreements;Airreceivers;Circuitdiagrams;Components;Compressedair;Compressed-airsystems;Containers;Control;Dataofthemanufacturer;Definitions;Design;Documentations;Equipmentsafety;Fluidcircuits;Fluidtechnology;Hazards;Hoseassemblies;Instructions;Maintenance;Marking;Mechanicalcomponents;Mechanicalengineering;Mounting;Operatingconditions;Operation;Pipelines;Piping;Plantconstruction;Pneumaticdevices;Pneumaticequipment;Pneumaticsystems;Pneumatictransmissionsystems;Pneumaticvalve;Pneumatically-operateddevices;Pneumatics;Protection;Protectivemeasures;Safety;Safetyengineering;Safetymeasures;Safetyofmachinery;Safetyrequirements;Specification;Specification(approval);Technicaldatasheets;Userinformation
【摘要】:ThisInternationalstandardspecifiesgeneralrulesandsafetyrequirementsforpneumaticfluidpowersystemsandcomponentsusedonmachineryasdefinedbyISO12100:2010,3.1.Itdealswithallsignificanthazardsassociatedwithpneumaticfluidpowersystemsandspecifiestheprinciplestoapplyinordertoavoidthosehazardswhenthesystemsareputtotheirintendeduse.NOTE1SeeClause4andAnnexA.ThesignificanthazardnoiseisincompletelydealtwithinthisInternationalStandard.NOET2Noiseemissiondependsespeciallyontheinstallationofpneumaticcomponentsorsystemsintomachinery.ThisInternationalStandardappliestothedesign,constructionandmodificationofsystemsandtheircomponents,alsotakingintoaccountthefollowingaspects:a)assembly;b)installation;c)adjustment;d)uninterruptedsystemoperation;e)easeandeconomyofmaintenanceandcleaning;f)reliableoperationinallintendeduses;g)energyefficiency;andh)environment.ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotapplytoaircompressorsandthesystemsassociatedwithairdistributionastypicallyinstalledinafactory,includinggasbottlesandreceivers.
【中国标准分类号】:J20
【国际标准分类号】:23_100_01
【页数】:45P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:StandardGuideforMeasurementofBehaviorDuringFishToxicityTests
【原文标准名称】:鱼类毒性试验过程中特性测量的标准指南
【标准号】:ASTME1711-1995(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E47.01
【标准类型】:(Guide)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Behavioraltesting(aquatictoxicology);Design--environmentalapplications;Fishes;Qualitativeanalysis/measurement;Quantitativeanalysis/measurement--environmental;Quantitativeanalysis/measurement--water;Sublethaleffects;Toxicity/toxicology--wate
【摘要】:Protectionofaspeciesrequiresthepreventionofdetrimentaleffectsofchemicalsonthesurvival,growth,reproduction,health,andusesofindividualsofthatspecies.Behavioraltoxicitytestsprovideinformationconcerningthesublethaleffectsofchemicalsandsignalthepresenceoftoxictestsubstances.Thelocomotory,feeding,andsocialresponsesoffishareadaptiveandessentialtosurvival.Majorchangesintheseresponsesmayresultinadiminishedabilitytosurvive,grow,avoidpredation,orreproduceandcausesignificantchangesinthenaturalpopulation(8).Fishbehavioralresponsesareknowntobehighlysensitivetoenvironmentalvariablesaswellastoxicsubstances.Resultsfrombehavioraltoxicitytestsmaybeusefulformeasuringinjuryresultingfromthereleaseofhazardousmaterials(9).Behavioralresponsescanalsobequalitativelyassessedinasystematicmannerduringtoxicityteststodiscerntrendsinsublethalcontaminanteffects(5).Theassessmentoflocomotory,feeding,andsocialbehaviorsisusefulformonitoringeffluentsandsedimentsfromcontaminatedfieldsitesaswellasfordefiningno-effectconcentrationsinthelaboratoryorundercontrolledfieldconditions.Suchbehavioralmodificationsprovideanindexofsublethaltoxicityandalsoindicatethepotentialforsubsequentmortality.Behavioraltoxicitydatacanbeusedtopredicttheeffectsofexposurelikelytooccurinthenaturalenvironment(10).Resultsfrombehavioraltoxicitytestsmightbeanimportantconsiderationwhenassessingthehazardofmaterialstoaquaticorganisms.Suchresultsmightalsobeusedwhenderivingwaterqualitycriteriaforfishandaquaticinvertebrateorganisms.Resultsfrombehavioraltoxicitytestscanbeusedtocomparethesensitivitiesofdifferentspecies,therelativetoxicityofdifferentchemicalsubstancesonthesameorganism,ortheeffectofvariousenvironmentalvariablesonthetoxicityofachemicalsubstance.Resultsofbehavioraltoxicitytestscanbeusefulinguidingdecisionsregardingtheextentofremedialactionneededforcontaminatedaquaticandterrestrialsites.Thebehavioralcharacteristicsofaparticularorganismneedtobeunderstoodanddefinedbeforearesponsecanbeusedasameasureoftoxicity(11).Swimming,feeding,andsocialbehaviorvariesamongspeciesaswellasamonglifestageswithinaspecies;themosteffectivetestmethodsarethereforethosetailoredtoaparticularlifestageofasinglespecies.Therangeofvariabilityofanybehavioralresponseofunexposedorganismsisinfluencedbygenetic,experiential,physiological,andenvironmentalfactors.Itisthusimportanttoavoidselectingtestorganismsfrompopulationsthatmayvaryinthesefactors.Resultsofbehavioraltoxicitytestswilldependonthebehavioralresponsemeasured,testingconditions,waterquality,species,geneticstrain,lifestage,health,andconditionoftestorganisms.Thebehavioralresponsemaythereforebeaffectedbythetestenvironment.Nonumericalvalueorrangeofvalueshasbeendefinedasthenormforswimming,feeding,orsocialbehaviorforanyfish;thedetectionofabnormalactivityisthereforebasedoncomparisonsoftheresponsesofexposedfish,eitherwithactivitymeasuredduringabaselineorpre-exposureperiodorobservationsoffishunderacontroltreatment(10).Thesemeasuresareincorporatedreadilyintostandardtoxicitytestprotocols,withminimalstresstothetestorganism.1.1Thisguidecoverssomegeneralinformationonmethodsforqualitativeandquantitativeassessmentofthebehavioralresponsesoffishduringstandardlaboratorytoxicityteststomeasu......
【中国标准分类号】:Z19
【国际标准分类号】:67_120_30
【页数】:12P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语